I recently discovered a CRLF injection vulnerability on a popular website. In this blog post, I will describe the vulnerability and the attack scenarios that I was able to demonstrate. I will also discuss the potential impacts of CRLF injection vulnerabilities.
CRLF (Carriage Return and Line Feed) is a sequence of two special characters that’s used to represent the end of a line of text in many computing contexts. In the context of cybersecurity, CRLF attacks can be used by attackers to inject malicious content into websites. To protect against these attacks, web developers need to properly handle CRLF sequences and sanitize user-generated content.
CRLF Injection attack has two most important use cases:
I used the crlfuzz tool, available at https://github.com/dwisiswant0/crlfuzz, to find the CRLF injection vulnerability on the website. The crlfuzz tool is a command-line tool that allows users to test for CRLF injection vulnerabilities by injecting CRLF sequences into HTTP headers.
To use the crlfuzz tool, I first had to clone the repository and install the necessary dependencies. Then, I ran the tool with the target URL and the desired payload as arguments. The tool injected the payload into the HTTP headers and sent the request to the target website.
▶ crlfuzz -u "http://target"
If the website was vulnerable to CRLF injection, the tool would receive a response indicating the injected payload had been successfully executed.
Using the crlfuzz tool, I was able to quickly and easily test for CRLF injection vulnerabilities on the website. This tool is a valuable resource for bug bounty hunters looking to find and report CRLF injection vulnerabilities.
In the first attack scenario, I injected a cookie bomb into the website. A cookie bomb is a type of attack that aims to overwhelm a website’s server by injecting a large number of cookies into the user’s browser. This can cause the website to become slow or unresponsive for the affected user.
For example, the following payload could be used to create a cookie bomb:
Set-Cookie: bomb=1
Set-Cookie: bomb=2
Set-Cookie: bomb=3
…
Set-Cookie: bomb=10000
This payload would inject 10000 cookies into the user’s browser, potentially causing the website to become slow or unresponsive. It is important for website developers to take steps to protect against cookie bombs and other types of injection attacks.
In the second scenario, I set a cookie and triggered a Cloudflare WAF block. Cloudflare WAF (Web Application Firewall) is a security measure that protects websites from a variety of cyber threats, including injection attacks. When a WAF block is triggered, it means that the website’s server has detected potentially malicious activity and is blocking access to the website in order to protect it.
For example, the following payload could be used to trigger a Cloudflare WAF block:
Set-Cookie: crlf=attack
This payload sets a cookie with a value of “attack”, which may be detected as malicious by the website’s server and trigger a Cloudflare WAF block. It is important for website developers to ensure that their WAF is configured correctly and is able to effectively protect against potential attacks.
Submitted: 16 Nov, 2021
Accepted: 17 Nov, 2021
Triaged: 17 Nov, 2021
Needs more info: 13 Dec, 2021 -> I gave more infos
Triaged again: 19 Aug, 2022 -> Bounty 500$
Resolved / Closed: — –
The impact of CRLF injection is diverse and also includes everything from cross-site scripting to information disclosure. It can also disable certain security restrictions such as XSS filters and the Same Origin Policy in victims’ browsers, leaving them vulnerable to malicious attacks. With the attack scenario I described, I was able to show how quickly you can render the site unusable for a single user.